INSTITUTIONAL LEADERSHIP AND ORGANISATIONAL FACTORS INFLUENCING STUDENT RETENTION AND PERFORMANCE IN MALAYSIAN HIGHER EDUCATION: EVIDENCE FROM LEARNING ANALYTICS

Abstract

This study examines how institutional and organisational factors influence Student Performance in Malaysian higher education institutions (HEIs), with particular emphasis on the role of student retention and its interaction with key moderating variables. Employing a quantitative research design, data were collected from 450 students across 14 public and private HEIs in Malaysia using a structured survey instrument. Hierarchical moderated regression analysis was applied to examine the direct relationship between student retention and Student Performance, as well as the moderating effects of academic integration, financial integration, social integration, and student motivation. The findings indicate that student retention has a significant positive relationship with Student Performance. Financial integration and student motivation demonstrate strong moderating effects, strengthening the relationship between retention and performance. In contrast, academic and social integration show more limited direct influence but contribute through interaction effects. From a leadership and institutional management perspective, the results highlight the importance of data-driven decision-making in designing targeted strategies that enhance student persistence and academic outcomes. Institutional leaders play a critical role in strengthening financial support systems, fostering inclusive learning environments, and promoting motivational frameworks that support sustained student engagement. The study contributes empirical evidence to the literature on student success in Malaysian higher education, providing practical insights for policymakers and institutional leaders seeking to improve both retention and academic performance through integrated governance and organisational strategies.